A folyamatos befejezett jelen (Present Perfect Continuous) egy olyan igeidő az angolban, amely összeköti a múltat a jelennel, és egy olyan cselekvést vagy állapotot fejez ki, amely a múltban kezdődött, de még mindig tart vagy épp most fejeződött be. Ez az igeidő különösen fontos, mert segít kifejezni a cselekvések időtartamát és folyamatosságát, ami sok nyelvi helyzetben kulcsfontosságú lehet a pontos kommunikációhoz.
Szerkezet
| Kijelentő | Tagadó | Kérdő |
|---|---|---|
| I have been working. | I have not (haven’t) been working. | Have I been working? |
| You have been working. | You have not (haven’t) been working. | Have you been working? |
| He/She/It has been working. | He/She/It has not (hasn’t) been working. | Has he/she/it been working? |
| We have been working. | We have not (haven’t) been working. | Have we been working? |
| You have been working. | You have not (haven’t) been working. | Have you been working? |
| They have been working. | They have not (haven’t) been working. | Have they been working? |
🗣️ Használat: Mikor és miért használjuk?
Nemrég befejeződött cselekvés, látható eredménnyel
- It has been raining. (The streets are wet.)
- I have been cooking. (The kitchen smells delicious.)
- She has been crying. (Her eyes are red.)
A közelmúltban kezdődött és még mindig tartó cselekvés
- We have been waiting for an hour.
- They have been living in London since 2010.
- He has been working on this project all week.
Magyarázat egy jelenlegi helyzetre
- I’m tired because I have been running.
- She’s wet because she has been swimming.
- They’re excited because they have been planning their vacation.
📝 Példák
Helyes használat:
- I have been learning English for five years.
- She has been working at the company since 2015.
- We have been traveling around Europe for the past month.
- They have been discussing this issue for hours.
- He has been playing the guitar since he was a child.
- The dog has been barking all night.
- I have been thinking about changing my job lately.
Helytelen használat és magyarázat:
- ❌ I have been finishing my homework.
✅ I have finished my homework.
(A „finish” befejezett cselekvést jelöl, nem folyamatosat.) - ❌ She has been knowing him for years.
✅ She has known him for years.
(A „know” állapotot jelöl, nem használjuk folyamatos alakban.) - ❌ They have been having a car since 2010.
✅ They have had a car since 2010.
(A „have” birtoklást jelent, általában nem használjuk folyamatos alakban.) - ❌ I have been seeing the movie yesterday.
✅ I saw the movie yesterday.
(Konkrét múltbeli időpontra egyszerű múlt időt használunk.) - ❌ He has been being sick for a week.
✅ He has been sick for a week.
(A „be” igét ritkán használjuk folyamatos alakban.) - ❌ We have been living here for 5 years ago.
✅ We have been living here for 5 years.
(Az „ago” nem illik a Present Perfect Continuous-szal.) - ❌ She has been studying English since 3 years.
✅ She has been studying English for 3 years.
(Időtartamnál „for”-t használunk, nem „since”-t.)
🏋️ Gyakorló feladatok
Egészítsd ki a mondatokat:
- I _ (wait) for the bus for 30 minutes.
- She _ (work) on this project since last month.
- They _ (play) tennis all afternoon.
- We _ (try) to reach you all day.
- He _ (study) for his exam for weeks.
Alkoss mondatokat:
- (you / learn / French / 2 years)
- (it / rain / all day)
- (they / live / in this house / 2010)
- (she / practice / piano / 3 hours)
- (we / watch / this TV series / last week)
🚫 Gyakori hibák
Az igeidő keverése a Simple Present-tel vagy Present Perfect-tel.
- ❌ I live here for 5 years.
- ✅ I have been living here for 5 years.
A „since” és „for” helytelen használata.
- ❌ I have been studying English since 3 years.
- ✅ I have been studying English for 3 years.
Állapotot jelölő igék használata folyamatos alakban.
- ❌ I have been knowing him for a long time.
- ✅ I have known him for a long time.
Hogyan kerüld el ezeket:
- Gyakorold a „since” és „for” helyes használatát.
- Tanuld meg, mely igék nem használhatók folyamatos alakban.
- Figyelj arra, hogy a cselekvés folyamatos-e vagy sem.
🎭 Valós életbeli alkalmazás
- John: Hey Sarah, you look exhausted! What’s going on?
- Sarah: Oh, hi John. Yeah, I’m pretty tired. I’ve been studying for my final exams all week.
- John: Wow, that sounds intense. How long have you been preparing?
- Sarah: I’ve been hitting the books hard for about two weeks now. It feels like I’ve been living in the library!
- John: I can imagine. Have you been taking any breaks?
- Sarah: Not really. I’ve been trying to cram as much information as possible. I’ve been drinking a lot of coffee to stay awake.
- John: That’s not healthy, Sarah. You should take some rest. How about we go for a walk? I’ve been wanting to try that new café down the street.
- Sarah: You know what? That sounds great. I’ve been sitting at my desk for so long, I could use some fresh air.
- John: Perfect! Let’s go. You can tell me more about what you’ve been studying