Understanding Drug Addiction: The Science Behind Dependency (C2)

The Nature of Addiction

Drug addiction is a complex brain disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences. It’s considered a chronic disease that alters both brain structure and function, leading to long-lasting changes in behavior and decision-making abilities. The transition from voluntary drug use to addiction involves profound changes in brain chemistry.

The Brain’s Reward System

Drugs target the brain’s reward system by flooding it with dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward. While this system naturally responds to positive experiences like eating or social interaction, drugs trigger an unnaturally intense dopamine release. This overwhelming surge creates powerful memories of pleasure associated with drug use, driving the cycle of addiction.

Tolerance Development

With continued drug use, the brain adapts by reducing its sensitivity to the drug’s effects, a process called tolerance. This means that higher doses are needed to achieve the same pleasurable effects initially experienced. The brain’s reward system becomes less responsive not only to drugs but also to natural rewards, making everyday pleasures less enjoyable.